International Journal of Advanced Research
type: channel
description: The International Journal of Advanced Research (ISSN Online: 3106-7980; ISSN Print: 3106-7972) is a multidisciplinary, open-access, quarterly publication that follows a rigorous double-blind peer-review process. The Journal endeavors to complete the review process within one (01) month of manuscript submission and to formally notify the author(s) of the editorial decision within this timeframe. Committed to upholding the highest standards of academic rigor and integrity, the Editorial Board strives to provide timely, constructive, and transparent feedback, thereby ensuring an efficient and credible publication process. The Journal is published under the auspices of the Institute for Excellence in Education and Research (IEER), a legally incorporated entity registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan (SECP) under Registration No. 0224595.
publisher: Institute for Excellence in Education and Research
language: en
publication name: International Journal of Advanced Research
items: BOARD STRUCTURE AND AUDIT EFFECTIVENESS: EXAMINING THE MODERATING EFFECT OF GENDER DIVERSITY
items: GREEN SYNTHESIS OF METAL OXIDE NANOPARTICLES AND THEIR CATALYTIC PERFORMANCE IN WATER ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION
items: PERCEIVED BARRIERS TO PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT AMONG FACULTY: A QUALITATIVE INQUIRY
items: EMOTION-AWARE AI SYSTEMS: ADVANCING HUMAN–COMPUTER INTERACTION VIA NLP AND SENTIMENT ANALYSIS
items: UNDERSTANDING DIGITAL HEURISTICS: MIXED-METHODS INSIGHTS INTO PSYCHOLOGICAL DRIVERS OF GOOGLE SEARCH BEHAVIO
items: VISUAL ANALYSIS OF BORDER DECORATION IN MUGHAL MINIATURE PAINTINGS
items: AI-DRIVEN MODELING AND OPTIMIZATION OF DYNAMIC ELECTROCHEMICAL RESPONSES IN PEM WATER ELECTROLYSIS SYSTEMS
items: ACADEMIC COMPETENCE, PERCEIVED TEACHER-STUDENT RELATIONSHIP, AND PROCRASTINATION IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
items: LEADERSHIP IN INTERNATIONAL CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS: EFFECTS ON PAKISTAN’S ECONOMY AND DIPLOMACY
items: OPTIMIZED R-CNN FOR REAL-TIME PASSPORT VERIFICATION AND FORGERY DETECTION
items: JOB SATISFACTION AS A MEDIATOR IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ABUSIVE SUPERVISION AND PARAMEDICS’ WELL-BEING
items: EVALUATING ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE DIFFERENCES USING PARAMETRIC AND NON-PARAMETRIC TESTS
items: EXAMINING THE EFFECTS OF GREEN SUPPLY CHAIN AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE METRICS ON BUSINESS SUCCESS
items: ENHANCING HOSPITAL EFFICIENCY AND REDUCING PATIENT WAITING TIMES THROUGH PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS
items: AN ANALYSIS OF TEACHERS’ COLLABORATIVE EFFORTS AS A DETERMINANT OF EFFECTIVE SCHOOL MANAGEMENT
items: APPRAISAL OF INFORMAL JUSTICE: DISPUTE RESOLUTION COUNCILS IN CHARSADDA AND NOWSHERA, KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
items: WORK-RELATED FLOW, PSYCHOLOGICAL CAPITAL, AND ENGAGEMENT AMONG NON-PROFIT VOLUNTEERS: A GENDER-BASED STUDY
items: ASSESSMENT OF EXHAUST VALVE DEBRIS FROM GREEN FUEL COMBUSTION
items: AI IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: POLICY IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
items: IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSORS ON NATIVE AMPHIBIAN BEHAVIOR AND SURVIVAL
items: ADVANCING BIM ADOPTION IN PAKISTAN: CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS
items: TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF ICT USE IN SCHOOLS
items: EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ESP SYLLABI FOR BUSINESS GRADUATES: A CASE STUDY AT IBA, UNIVERSITY OF THE PUNJAB (2024)
items: HOW CLIMATE CHANGE AFFECTS HUMAN HEALTH
items: THE IMPACT OF ASMR VIDEOS ON ANXIETY LEVELS IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
items: EXPLORING THE LINK BETWEEN MINDFULNESS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL EMPOWERMENT
items: EVALUATING ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE: A COMPARISON OF PARAMETRIC AND NON-PARAMETRIC STATISTICAL METHODS
items: IMPACT OF GREEN SUPPLY CHAIN AND PERFORMANCE METRICS ON OVERALL BUSINESS PERFORMANCE
items: REDUCING HOSPITAL WAITING TIMES AND IMPROVING EFFICIENCY THROUGH PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS
items: TEACHERS’ COLLABORATION AND SCHOOL MANAGEMENT: INVESTIGATING THE ROLE OF TEACHERS IN SECONDARY SCHOOL GOVERNANCE

BOARD STRUCTURE AND AUDIT EFFECTIVENESS: EXAMINING THE MODERATING EFFECT OF GENDER DIVERSITY
type: item
description: This study investigates the impact of board characteristics on audit quality, focusing on the moderating role of female directors in non-financial companies listed on the Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE-100) from 2019 to 2023. Using secondary data from 70 companies, the research examines board independence, female directors, and board size as key variables, with firm size and auditor fees as controls. Employing correlation analysis and GMM regression, results reveal that gender diversity significantly enhances the positive effect of board independence on audit quality. The findings highlight the importance of inclusive boards and recommend promoting female participation to strengthen governance and audit outcomes. This study offers valuable insights for policymakers and corporate leaders on fostering gender diversity to improve audit effectiveness. Future research could extend to financial firms, other governance factors, and the long-term impact of diverse boards on financial performance and stakeholder trust.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: BOARD STRUCTURE AND AUDIT EFFECTIVENESS: EXAMINING THE MODERATING EFFECT OF GENDER DIVERSITY
  topic: keywords
creator: Alishba Jamil
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 48
ending page: 59

GREEN SYNTHESIS OF METAL OXIDE NANOPARTICLES AND THEIR CATALYTIC PERFORMANCE IN WATER ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION
type: item
description: Background: Synthetic dyes in industrial wastewater cause significant ecological pollution, and conventional remediation methods are often inefficient and unsustainable. Green nanotechnology offers an eco-friendly alternative for pollutant removal. Aim: This study focuses on the green synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) and iron oxide (Fe₂O₃) nanoparticles using leaf extracts from Azadirachta indica and Moringa oleifera, characterizing their physicochemical properties, and evaluating their catalytic efficiency in degrading methylene blue dye from aqueous solutions. Method: Nanoparticles were synthesized using aqueous leaf extracts as reducing and stabilizing agents. Characterization techniques included FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM, and BET surface analysis. Catalytic activity was assessed via photodegradation of methylene blue under UV light, with recyclability tested over four cycles. Results: FTIR confirmed phytochemicals facilitating nanoparticle synthesis. XRD identified rhombohedral and wurtzite structures for Fe₂O₃ and ZnO, respectively. SEM and TEM showed uniform spherical nanoparticles at the nanoscale. BET analysis revealed larger surface areas for green-synthesized particles compared to commercial ones. Green ZnO degraded 96.5% of methylene blue within 60 minutes, outperforming commercial ZnO. Both nanoparticle types demonstrated excellent reusability with minimal activity loss. Conclusion: Green-synthesized ZnO and Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles exhibit superior physicochemical and catalytic properties compared to commercial counterparts, offering a sustainable, eco-friendly solution for wastewater treatment applications.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Green synthesis, Zinc oxide nanoparticles, Iron oxide nanoparticles, Environmental remediation, Methylene blue degradation, Plant extracts, Nano-catalysis.
  topic: keywords
creator: Saima Sharif
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 39
ending page: 47

PERCEIVED BARRIERS TO PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT AMONG FACULTY: A QUALITATIVE INQUIRY
type: item
description: Professional development is vital in education, as skilled and well-prepared teachers enhance the teaching-learning process. This qualitative study, grounded in an interpretivist and phenomenological approach, investigates faculty members’ perceptions of barriers hindering their participation in professional development activities at the University of Education. Using purposive sampling, 45 faculty members from various campuses were interviewed through semi-structured interviews until data saturation. Analysis with NVivo Plus revealed two main themes: Personal and Professional Barriers. Personal barriers included lack of family support, low motivation, financial constraints, and health issues. Professional barriers comprised heavy workload, additional administrative tasks, unsupportive attitudes, time constraints, inadequate financial incentives, limited facilities, restricted development opportunities, and favoritism. The study recommends that university administration increase professional development opportunities, reduce workloads, and provide support such as induction programs, workshops, higher education opportunities, and research grants. Implementing these strategies can foster a motivated, skilled faculty, ultimately enhancing the institution’s reputation and success.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: PERCEIVED BARRIERS TO PROFESSIONAL
  topic: keywords
subject: DEVELOPMENT AMONG FACULTY: A QUALITATIVE INQUIRY
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Sumera Rashid
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 26
ending page: 38

EMOTION-AWARE AI SYSTEMS: ADVANCING HUMAN–COMPUTER INTERACTION VIA NLP AND SENTIMENT ANALYSIS
type: item
description: This study explores the development of emotionally intelligent AI systems that enhance human-computer interaction by recognizing and responding to user emotions using NLP and sentiment analysis. Unlike traditional AI tools with fixed responses, the proposed platform adapts its replies based on real-time emotion recognition, employing a transformer-based generative model that achieves 92% accuracy in detecting emotions. Evaluated for coherence, empathy, and relevance, the system produces realistic and empathetic conversations, marking a significant advancement in AI agents. Applications span customer service, healthcare, and psychological support, where the AI can detect frustration or stress and respond appropriately to improve user experience and trust. Ethical management of emotional data remains a priority as such systems become widespread. Future research will focus on detecting complex emotions, incorporating multimodal inputs, and enhancing intercultural communication. This work paves the way for more human-centric, empathetic AI, bridging effective task performance with meaningful emotional engagement.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: keywords
  value: Human computer interaction (HCI), Natural language processing (NLP), Sentiment analysis, Emotion recognition, Empathetic response generation, Transformer model, Ulti modal emotion analysis, Contest aware AI
creator: Shahid Ameer
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 13
ending page: 25

UNDERSTANDING DIGITAL HEURISTICS: MIXED-METHODS INSIGHTS INTO PSYCHOLOGICAL DRIVERS OF GOOGLE SEARCH BEHAVIO
type: item
description: This study uses a mixed-methods corpus analysis of Google search queries to explore how heuristic thinking influences users' language and query formulation. Combining quantitative linguistic analysis with qualitative thematic coding, it examines the interaction between fast, intuitive (System 1) and slow, deliberative (System 2) reasoning as described by Kahneman (2011). Findings reveal distinct lexical and syntactic patterns linked to cognitive biases like anchoring and availability. Integrating corpus linguistics with psychological theory, the study highlights how digital search behavior reflects underlying cognitive heuristics. The results have implications for designing more adaptive, user-centered search algorithms and advance interdisciplinary understanding between psycholinguistics and cognitive science. Additionally, the research examines how Google’s algorithms influence language use and can perpetuate societal biases, contributing valuable insights to computational linguistics, digital humanities, and information science
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Digital Heuristics, Corpus Analysis, Psychological Underpinnings, Google Search Behavior
  topic: keywords
creator: Ms. Nazra Zahid Shaikh
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 1
ending page: 12

VISUAL ANALYSIS OF BORDER DECORATION IN MUGHAL MINIATURE PAINTINGS
type: item
description: The Mughal era is renowned for its rich cultural and artistic heritage, with miniature painting standing out as a key expression of its aesthetic values. Among its distinctive features, border decoration played a vital role—not only enhancing visual appeal and manuscript illumination but also offering physical and symbolic protection to the artwork. This paper presents a visual analysis of border decoration in Mughal miniature paintings, focusing on motifs, colors, layouts, and stylistic elements. By examining these often-overlooked details, the study highlights the artistic techniques and cultural significance embedded in Mughal border design.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Mughal Miniature Paintings
  topic: keywords
subject: Border decoration
  topic: keywords
subject: floral motifs
  topic: keywords
subject: Geometrical motifs
  topic: keywords
creator: Zahin Anjum
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 52
ending page: 62

AI-DRIVEN MODELING AND OPTIMIZATION OF DYNAMIC ELECTROCHEMICAL RESPONSES IN PEM WATER ELECTROLYSIS SYSTEMS
type: item
description: Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) water electrolysis is key for sustainable hydrogen production, but optimizing dynamic electrochemical responses is challenging due to complex interactions among temperature, pressure, and current density. This study develops AI-driven models to predict and optimize PEM electrolyzer performance across various operating conditions to enhance hydrogen yield and energy efficiency. Data from ten PEM electrolysers were used to train models with machine learning techniques including Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Support Vector Machines (SVM), and Decision Trees. Hyperparameters were optimized via Grid Search and Genetic Algorithms, while PCA and SHAP were applied for feature selection. Reinforcement learning and evolutionary algorithms tuned operational parameters. The ANN model achieved high accuracy (R² = 0.93), and optimization improved hydrogen production by 30% and reduced energy consumption by 15%. These results demonstrate that AI-based modeling and optimization significantly boost PEM electrolyzer performance, advancing sustainable hydrogen generation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: AI-driven models
  topic: keywords
subject: PEM water electrolysis
  topic: keywords
subject: hydrogen production
  topic: keywords
subject: machine learning
  topic: keywords
subject: optimization
  topic: keywords
subject: reinforcement learning
  topic: keywords
creator: Rabeya Saman
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 43
ending page: 51

ACADEMIC COMPETENCE, PERCEIVED TEACHER-STUDENT RELATIONSHIP, AND PROCRASTINATION IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
type: item
description: This study examined the relationship between academic competence, perceived teacher-student relationship, and procrastination among university students. Two hypotheses were tested: (1) significant relationships exist between academic competence, perceived teacher-student relationship, and procrastination; (2) academic competence predicts perceived teacher-student relationship and procrastination. A total of 300 students (151 males, 149 females) from Gujranwala, Lahore, and Sialkot participated via convenience sampling. Data were collected using the Academic Competence Scale, Student-Instructor Relationship Scale, and Student Procrastination Scale. A cross-sectional design and regression analysis were employed. Results supported both hypotheses, showing significant correlations (p < .05) and that academic competence significantly predicts teacher-student relationship quality and procrastination (p < .05). These findings highlight the impact of psychological and psychosocial factors on student behavior.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Academic competence
  topic: keywords
subject: Perceived teacher student relationship
  topic: keywords
subject: Procrastination
  topic: keywords
subject: University students.
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Saleem Abbas
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 30
ending page: 42

LEADERSHIP IN INTERNATIONAL CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS: EFFECTS ON PAKISTAN’S ECONOMY AND DIPLOMACY
type: item
description: Leadership in international construction projects is vital for Pakistan’s economic growth and diplomatic relations. Effective leadership ensures the successful delivery of major infrastructure initiatives like the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), boosting trade, investment, and connectivity. It drives timely completion, cost efficiency, and quality, attracting foreign investment and strengthening Pakistan’s global reputation. Skilled leadership also enhances diplomatic ties—especially with China—by fostering trust and cooperation, while managing geopolitical and socio-political challenges through sustainable development and community engagement. Overall, strong leadership in these projects underpins Pakistan’s infrastructure progress and international partnerships.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: keywords
  value: International Construction Projects, Leadership, Pakistan, Economic Development, Diplomatic Relations, China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), Infrastructure Projects, Foreign Investment, Bilateral Ties, Geopolitical Challenges, Sustainable Development, Global Partnerships, Community Engagement
creator: Bahadar Sher
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 15
ending page: 29

OPTIMIZED R-CNN FOR REAL-TIME PASSPORT VERIFICATION AND FORGERY DETECTION
type: item
description: Manual and semi-automated passport inspections at airports cause delays and are prone to human error, especially under high passenger volumes and challenging imaging conditions. We propose a fully automated, real-time passport verification system achieving over 90% accuracy with sub-second inference on commodity GPUs. Our dataset includes 65+ country-specific passport formats from public repositories, lab captures, and synthetic augmentations. A region-based CNN with a ResNet-50 backbone and feature pyramid network detects passport regions, while machine vision extracts the Machine Readable Zone (MRZ) for checksum validation. Evaluation metrics include precision, recall, F1 score, mean average precision (mAP) at IoU thresholds 0.50 and 0.75, and latency. The system processes images in 0.75s on average, attaining 95% accuracy and outperforming classical OCR pipelines by 13 percentage points in mAP@0.50. False acceptance rates remain below 1% under variable lighting, occlusion, and print artifact conditions. Ablation studies show geometric and color augmentations improve accuracy from 88% to 95%, with diminishing returns beyond 1024×768 input resolution. Improvements are statistically significant (p < 10⁻⁴, Cohen’s d > 0.8). This work demonstrates a robust, efficient passport verification solution integrating multi-scale detection, MRZ validation, and optimized inference, paving the way for fully autonomous smart gate ecosystems with multilingual MRZ parsing and face-passport matching.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: passport verification
  topic: keywords
subject: deep learning
  topic: keywords
subject: real-time security
  topic: keywords
subject: R-CNN
  topic: keywords
subject: airport automation
  topic: keywords
subject: MRZ validation.
  topic: keywords
creator: Aadil Jamali
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 1
ending page: 14

JOB SATISFACTION AS A MEDIATOR IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ABUSIVE SUPERVISION AND PARAMEDICS’ WELL-BEING
type: item
description: This study examines the relationship between abusive supervision and paramedics’ well-being, with a particular focus on the mediating role of job satisfaction, and also explores gender differences among paramedics. Given the hierarchical nature of healthcare organizations and the emotionally demanding aspects of paramedical work, understanding these dynamics in culturally specific contexts, such as Pakistan, is critical. A correlational research design was employed, using purposive sampling to include 154 male and 146 female paramedics aged 25–50 years. Data were collected using the Abusive Supervision Scale, the BBC Well-being Scale, and the Job Satisfaction Scale. Findings revealed a strong negative relationship between abusive supervision and paramedics’ physical and psychological well-being, which was mediated by job satisfaction. Specifically, higher levels of abusive supervision were associated with lower job satisfaction, resulting in reduced psychological and physical well-being. Independent t-tests indicated no significant gender differences in abusive supervision or job satisfaction; however, male paramedics reported significantly higher psychological (p = .040) and overall well-being (p = .016) compared to females. These results suggest that workplace stressors affecting well-being are shaped by gender-specific experiences and societal expectations. The study highlights the detrimental impact of abusive supervision on paramedics’ health and identifies job satisfaction as a protective factor, consistent with Conservation of Resources (COR) theory. The findings underscore the importance of leadership reform, supervisor accountability, staff well-being initiatives, and gender-inclusive support systems in Pakistani healthcare settings, offering valuable insights for policymakers and healthcare leaders.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Abusive Supervision
  topic: keywords
subject: Job Satisfaction
  topic: keywords
subject: Employee Well-Being
  topic: keywords
subject: Paramedical Professionals
  topic: keywords
creator: Nusrat Shah
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 53
ending page: 65

EVALUATING ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE DIFFERENCES USING PARAMETRIC AND NON-PARAMETRIC TESTS
type: item
description: This study examines the effectiveness of parametric and non-parametric methods in analyzing academic performance differences based on gender and study time, with GPA as the outcome measure. Independent t-tests and ANOVA were employed alongside Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests. Descriptive analysis revealed that female students and those studying more than two hours daily tended to have slightly higher GPAs. Assumption tests confirmed normality and homogeneity of variances, supporting the appropriateness of parametric techniques. While no statistically significant differences were observed, both parametric and non-parametric methods consistently indicated a positive relationship between study time and GPA. These findings demonstrate methodological consistency across statistical approaches and highlight the practical importance of study habits in influencing academic performance, even when statistical significance is not evident.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Parametric Tests
  topic: keywords
subject: Non-Parametric Tests
  topic: keywords
subject: ANOVA
  topic: keywords
subject: Kruskal–Wallis Test
  topic: keywords
subject: Visual Diagnostics
  topic: keywords
subject: Assumption Testing
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Aman Ullah
creator: Mir Wali Shah
creator: Syeda Arfa Quddusi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 44
ending page: 52

EXAMINING THE EFFECTS OF GREEN SUPPLY CHAIN AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE METRICS ON BUSINESS SUCCESS
type: item
description: Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM), an environmentally conscious approach to traditional supply chain management (SCM), is gaining increasing attention in developing countries. This growth is driven by its recognized benefits for both the environment and the economy, alongside heightened awareness of environmental sustainability. Organizations are increasingly striving to demonstrate their commitment to sustainable practices. This study investigates the impact of implementing GSCM on environmental performance (EP), operational performance (OP), market performance (MP), and overall business performance in the context of a developing country, specifically Pakistan. Data were collected via a structured questionnaire administered to 101 supply chain professionals working in manufacturing companies. The conceptual framework was developed based on a review of existing literature, and Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed to test the hypotheses. Findings indicate that while GSCM positively influences overall business performance, this effect was not statistically significant. However, significant positive impacts were observed on market performance, environmental performance, and operational performance. These results suggest that improvements in MP, EP, and OP through GSCM practices present opportunities to enhance overall business performance. In the context of a developing country like Pakistan, this research contributes to the literature by exploring how GSCM affects key performance dimensions and overall business outcomes. The findings offer valuable insights for supply chain professionals aiming to implement sustainable practices and provide policy recommendations for organizations seeking to advance their GSCM initiatives.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Green Supply Chain Management
  topic: keywords
subject: Operational Performance
  topic: keywords
subject: Market Performance
  topic: keywords
subject: Environmental Performance
  topic: keywords
subject: Business Performance
  topic: keywords
creator: Fatima Mehvish
creator: Imran Ali Channa
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 22
ending page: 43

ENHANCING HOSPITAL EFFICIENCY AND REDUCING PATIENT WAITING TIMES THROUGH PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS
type: item
description: This policy paper proposes a Public-Private Partnership (PPP) as an effective model to address the critical challenges facing healthcare in Karachi. Public hospitals in the city experience severe overcrowding, often exceeding 120% occupancy, while trust-based healthcare facilities remain underutilized, with occupancy rates below 75%. To address this imbalance, the paper advocates an integrative model that redistributes patient loads, enhances operational efficiency, and ensures equitable access to healthcare services. Drawing on successful PPP experiences from countries such as Kenya, Lesotho, and Sri Lanka, the paper outlines a three-step implementation plan: stakeholder engagement, pilot testing, and scale-up, supported by digital integration and real-time monitoring systems. Key themes emerging from stakeholder interviews include operational feasibility, financial incentives, public-private coordination, quality assurance, and regulatory support. The proposed model seeks to optimize existing healthcare infrastructure, reduce patient turnaround times, and promote inclusive and sustainable services for marginalized communities. If implemented effectively, this initiative could serve as a replicable model for other high-density cities in the Global South.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Public-Private Partnerships
  topic: keywords
subject: Healthcare Efficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: Hospital Overcrowding
  topic: keywords
subject: Trust-Based Hospitals
  topic: keywords
subject: Access to Healthcare
  topic: keywords
subject: Patient Outcomes
  topic: keywords
subject: Bed Utilization
  topic: keywords
subject: Health Policy Framework
  topic: keywords
creator: Humayun Shahid
creator: Bilal Ur Rehman
creator: Kifayat Ullah
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 11
ending page: 21

AN ANALYSIS OF TEACHERS’ COLLABORATIVE EFFORTS AS A DETERMINANT OF EFFECTIVE SCHOOL MANAGEMENT
type: item
description: Teachers are key stakeholders in the education sector, entrusted with responsibilities encompassing teaching, leadership, and school management. This study examined the role of teachers’ collaboration in promoting effective management of secondary schools in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The objectives were to identify the impact of teachers’ collaboration on school management and to propose strategies for enhancing collaborative practices among school staff. A quantitative research design was employed, targeting a population of 3,419 secondary school teachers, from which a sample of 346 was selected through simple random sampling. A structured questionnaire was developed, validated, and piloted for data collection. Self-administered questionnaires were used, and the data were analyzed using mean scores, standard deviations, and chi-square tests. Findings indicated that teachers actively collaborate in managing academics, co-curricular activities, and school finances; overseeing material and human resources; maintaining school hygiene; and responding to emergencies. Based on these findings, the study recommends targeted professional development programs for both teachers and school heads to strengthen collaborative practices and enhance the management of secondary schools.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Teachers’ collaboration
  topic: keywords
subject: Effective school management
  topic: keywords
subject: Role
  topic: keywords
subject: Secondary schools
  topic: keywords
creator: Muska Laraib
creator: Naba Aimen
creator: Muhammad Munib Ur Rehman
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 10

APPRAISAL OF INFORMAL JUSTICE: DISPUTE RESOLUTION COUNCILS IN CHARSADDA AND NOWSHERA, KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
type: item
description: This study appraises the effectiveness of informal justice mechanisms in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa by examining Dispute Resolution Councils (DRCs) in Nowshera and Charsadda districts. It assesses the intervention level of these councils as alternative justice systems and identifies gaps and areas for improving access to justice. Using Restorative Justice Theory, the study argues that informal mechanisms in traditional societies focus on repairing harm, restoring relationships, and reintegrating offenders and victims within their communities
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Button mushroom
  topic: keywords
subject: Agaricus bisporus, therapeutic properties, management of lipid peroxidation, animal model
  topic: keywords
creator: Noreen Naseer
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 34
ending page: 46

WORK-RELATED FLOW, PSYCHOLOGICAL CAPITAL, AND ENGAGEMENT AMONG NON-PROFIT VOLUNTEERS: A GENDER-BASED STUDY
type: item
description: This study examines the relationships between psychological capital, work-related flow, and work engagement among volunteers in non-profit organizations (NPOs), with a focus on gender differences. Psychological capital encompasses self-efficacy, optimism, hope, and resilience; work-related flow refers to deep immersion and enjoyment in work; and work engagement is a positive, fulfilling work mindset. Using a quantitative, correlational design, data were collected from 155 volunteers across various Pakistani NPOs through self-report questionnaires, grounded in the Job Demands-Resources (JDR) model. Results show significant positive correlations among psychological capital, work-related flow, and work engagement. Gender analysis revealed that females reported higher work-related flow and engagement, while psychological capital showed no significant gender difference. This research contributes to understanding volunteer dynamics and supports the development of gender-sensitive policies to enhance volunteering efforts. Limitations include a relatively small sample size, suggesting future longitudinal and qualitative studies to expand these findings.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: psychological capital
  topic: keywords
subject: , work-Related flow
  topic: keywords
subject: work engagement
  topic: keywords
subject: volunteers
  topic: keywords
subject: non-profit organizations
  topic: keywords
subject: job demands-resources model)
  topic: keywords
subject: correlation
  topic: keywords
subject: gender differences
  topic: keywords
creator: Hidna Iqbal
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 24
ending page: 33

ASSESSMENT OF EXHAUST VALVE DEBRIS FROM GREEN FUEL COMBUSTION
type: item
description: Used cooking oil (UCO) has shown promise as a short-term alternative fuel for compression ignition engines. To evaluate its long-term effects, this study conducted an endurance test using diesel-UCO blends. Results showed minimal wear on the engine head’s working surface. Among the tested blends, DF60UCO20Pn20—with the lowest cetane number and highest oxygen content—exhibited the shortest combustion time and longest ignition delay. Engine head and exhaust valve deposits were analyzed and compared to those from emulsion fuels. Visual inspection revealed deposits across all fuels, while SEM and EDS analysis showed that DF95UCO5 produced more carbon buildup than both DF60UCO20Pn20 and pure diesel.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Single Cylinder Diesel Engine
  topic: keywords
subject: used cooking oil
  topic: keywords
subject: Ternary Blend
  topic: keywords
subject: Exhaust valve debris
  topic: keywords
creator: Maryam Afridi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 19
ending page: 23

AI IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: POLICY IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
type: item
description: This study examines the relationships among key AI variables—adoption, ethics, governance, and AI-driven decision-making—and their impact on public administration. A survey of 300 participants, including policymakers, public administrators, and technology experts, was conducted to assess attitudes toward AI. Statistical analyses (correlation, t-tests, and ANOVA) revealed notable gender differences, with males showing more favorable views of AI. Perceptions also varied by professional role, with policymakers expressing greater support for AI adoption and ethics than other groups. The findings highlight the need for ethical frameworks, transparency, and capacity-building to address bias and fairness in AI implementation. The study concludes by emphasizing responsible AI integration and the importance of equipping public administrators with the necessary skills to manage AI technologies effectively.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Artificial Intelligence, Public Administration, AI Adoption, Governance, Ethics, Decision-Making, Gender Differences, Professional Roles, AI Ethics, Capacity Building, Transparency, AI Impact
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creator: Sonia Rao
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 11
ending page: 18

IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSORS ON NATIVE AMPHIBIAN BEHAVIOR AND SURVIVAL
type: item
description: Background: Amphibians face increasing threats from pollution, habitat fragmentation, temperature shifts, and invasive species, all of which significantly affect their behavior, survival, and ecosystems—contributing to global population declines. Objective: This study examines how seasonal changes influence behavior, survival, and physiological responses of various amphibian species exposed to specific environmental stressors in their natural habitats. Methodology: A mixed-methods approach combined quantitative data (e.g., activity levels, mating calls, foraging, survival rates) and qualitative field observations. Data from four species under different stressors were analyzed using ANOVA and survival analysis. Results: Frog Species A: Temperature stress reduced activity (35 movements/day) and mating calls (8 calls/hour; p = 0.03). Toad Species B: Mud pollution significantly lowered call rate (5 calls/hour; p = 0.01). Salamander C vs. N: C was more active in fragmented habitats (40 vs. 24.7 movements/day) with lower mortality (10%; p = 0.02). Frog Species D: Invasive species presence increased activity and calls, but decreased foraging rates. Pollution markers were linked to reduced physiological function. Conclusion: Environmental stressors significantly impact amphibian behavior and health, highlighting the urgent need for targeted conservation and habitat protection strategies.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Button mushroom
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subject: Agaricus bisporus
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subject: therapeutic properties
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subject: management of lipid peroxidation
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subject: animal model
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creator: Alia Faheem
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 10

ADVANCING BIM ADOPTION IN PAKISTAN: CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS
type: item
description: Building Information Modeling (BIM) has transformed global construction by improving efficiency, coordination, and decision-making. However, its adoption in Pakistan remains limited due to persistent challenges. This study identifies key barriers to BIM implementation and proposes practical solutions tailored to the local context. A literature review and frequency-based analysis revealed eight major challenges, which were further explored through semi-structured interviews with BIM professionals in Pakistan. The resulting insights informed actionable guidelines to address these barriers. The findings aim to support effective BIM adoption, enhance project delivery, reduce delays, and control costs, contributing to the broader application of BIM in developing countries.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Building Information Modelling (BIM)
  topic: keywords
subject: BIM Implementation Challenges
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subject: Construction Industry Pakistan
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subject: BIM Adoption Barriers
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subject: Mitigation Measures in BIM
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creator: Muhammad Farooque
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-03-31
publication date: 2025-03-31
starting page: 75
ending page: 88

TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF ICT USE IN SCHOOLS
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description: The integration of ICT in education is key to enhancing teaching and learning. This study examines the perceptions of 350 school teachers in Lahore, from both public and private institutions, using a structured questionnaire. It explores their attitudes, perceived usefulness, challenges, and readiness toward ICT use. Findings show notable differences based on school type and demographics, highlighting both opportunities and barriers. The study recommends targeted training and policy support to promote effective ICT adoption in schools.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Information Communication Technology
  topic: keywords
subject: ICT in education
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subject: Lahore schools
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subject: professional development
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subject: ICT integration barriers
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creator: Nyha Mukhtar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-03-31
publication date: 2025-03-31
starting page: 61
ending page: 74

EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ESP SYLLABI FOR BUSINESS GRADUATES: A CASE STUDY AT IBA, UNIVERSITY OF THE PUNJAB (2024)
type: item
description: English for Specific Purposes (ESP) aims to address the linguistic needs of learners within their academic and professional contexts. This study evaluates the effectiveness of the 2024 ESP syllabus for business students at the Institute of Business Administration, University of the Punjab, Lahore. Using a mixed-methods approach, it examines student and teacher perceptions, skill development, and curriculum design. Results reveal a disconnect between learner needs and course delivery, with reading and vocabulary identified as key areas requiring improvement, while speaking and comprehension skills showed moderate proficiency. The study recommends task-based learning, needs-based curriculum reform, and the use of formative assessment rubrics to enhance syllabus effectiveness
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: English for Specific Purposes (ESP)
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subject: Business English
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subject: University of the Punjab
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subject: language proficiency
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subject: syllabus evaluation
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subject: 2024
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creator: Osama Adnan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-03-31
publication date: 2025-03-31
starting page: 52
ending page: 60

HOW CLIMATE CHANGE AFFECTS HUMAN HEALTH
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description: This study investigates the types and frequency of linguistic errors commonly made by 10th grade ESL learners. Using a quantitative approach, written test data were analyzed based on Gass and Selinker’s (2008) error analysis model. Findings reveal that students frequently struggle with vocabulary, grammar, structure, and composition, with vocabulary and grammar errors occurring most often. Many learners rely on rote memorization rather than a conceptual understanding of English. Additionally, a lack of ESL-specific teacher training contributes to persistent language difficulties. The analysis also highlights a significant performance gap among students from government schools, who tend to make more writing errors, indicating systemic instructional shortcomings.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Button mushroom
  topic: keywords
subject: Agaricus Error Analysis
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subject: ESL Learners
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subject: Quantitative Approach
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subject: Gass and Selinker Model
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subject: Government Schools
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creator: Maleeha Nazim
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-03-31
publication date: 2025-03-31
starting page: 41
ending page: 51

THE IMPACT OF ASMR VIDEOS ON ANXIETY LEVELS IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
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description: Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR) is a sensory phenomenon marked by tingling sensations triggered by specific auditory or visual stimuli, such as whispering and tapping. This study examines the potential of ASMR videos to reduce anxiety among university students, a group often affected by academic stress and life transitions. Using a quantitative, cross-sectional design, data were collected from 150 students (aged 18–25) through structured questionnaires. Statistical analyses—including correlation, regression, and ANOVA—revealed a strong negative correlation between ASMR video engagement and anxiety levels (r = 0.852, p < .01). Gender-based analysis showed that females (r = 0.884) reported greater anxiety reduction than males (r = 0.828). Whispering and tapping were identified as the most effective triggers, while visual preferences varied by culture. The findings suggest that ASMR videos may serve as a cost-effective, accessible non-pharmacological intervention for anxiety management in university populations. Future research should explore long-term effects, expand demographic scope, and incorporate objective physiological measures.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: ASMR videos
  topic: keywords
subject: anxiety reduction
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subject: university students
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subject: sensory triggers
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subject: gender differences
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subject: cross-cultural analysis
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creator: Farah Nazeer
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-03-31
publication date: 2025-03-31
starting page: 18
ending page: 40

EXPLORING THE LINK BETWEEN MINDFULNESS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL EMPOWERMENT
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description: This study investigates the relationship between mindfulness and psychological empowerment—defined respectively as present-moment awareness and a sense of meaning, competence, autonomy, and impact. While mindfulness is often linked to improved self-awareness and emotional regulation, correlation analysis in this research found no significant association between mindfulness and psychological empowerment (r = -0.021, p = .801). Similar negligible correlations were observed across gender groups. Data were collected using standardized surveys and analyzed quantitatively. These findings suggest that mindfulness alone may not directly influence psychological empowerment, pointing to the need for further research into other contributing or mediating factors. Future studies should explore longitudinal patterns and contextual variables to better understand the dynamics between mindfulness and empowerment.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Mindfulness
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subject: psychological empowerment
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subject: self-efficacy, autonomy
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subject: engagement
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creator: Bisma Bashir
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-03-31
publication date: 2025-03-31
starting page: 1
ending page: 17

EVALUATING ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE: A COMPARISON OF PARAMETRIC AND NON-PARAMETRIC STATISTICAL METHODS
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description: This study compares parametric and non-parametric tests in analyzing academic performance differences by gender and study time, using GPA as the measure. Independent t-tests and ANOVA were conducted alongside Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests. Results showed female students and those studying over two hours daily had slightly higher GPAs. Normality and homogeneity assumptions supported the use of parametric methods. Although differences were not statistically significant, both test types consistently indicated a positive relationship between study time and GPA. The findings demonstrate methodological consistency and highlight the practical impact of study habits on academic performance.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Parametric tests
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subject: non-parametric tests
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subject: ANOVA
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subject: Kruskal–Wallis
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subject: Visual diagnostics
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subject: Assumption testing
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creator: Fawad Ullah
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 55
ending page: 62

IMPACT OF GREEN SUPPLY CHAIN AND PERFORMANCE METRICS ON OVERALL BUSINESS PERFORMANCE
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description: Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) is gaining traction in developing countries like Pakistan due to its environmental and economic benefits. This study examines the impact of GSCM on environmental performance (EP), operational performance (OP), market performance (MP), and overall business performance in Pakistan’s manufacturing sector. Data were collected via structured questionnaires from 101 supply chain professionals and analyzed using Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results show that while GSCM positively influences EP, OP, and MP, its direct impact on overall business performance is not statistically significant. However, improvements in EP, OP, and MP can enhance business outcomes indirectly. The study contributes to the understanding of GSCM’s role in performance improvement and offers practical and policy insights for firms seeking sustainable supply chain strategies in developing economies.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Green supply chain management
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subject: Operational performance
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subject: Market performance Environmental performance and Business performance.
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creator: Minhaj Ikram
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 33
ending page: 54

REDUCING HOSPITAL WAITING TIMES AND IMPROVING EFFICIENCY THROUGH PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS
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description: This policy paper proposes a Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model to address severe overcrowding in Lahore’s public hospitals and the underutilization of trust-based healthcare facilities. With public hospital occupancy exceeding 120% and trust hospitals operating below 75%, an integrated approach is recommended to redistribute patient loads, improve efficiency, and ensure equitable access to care. Drawing on successful PPP models from Kenya, Lesotho, and Sri Lanka, the paper outlines a three-phase implementation plan: stakeholder engagement, pilot testing, and scale-up—supported by digital integration and real-time monitoring. Key considerations from stakeholder consultations include operational feasibility, financial incentives, public-private coordination, quality assurance, and regulatory support. This model seeks to optimize existing infrastructure, reduce waiting times, and provide inclusive, sustainable healthcare—offering a scalable solution for other high-density cities in the Global South.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Public-Private Partnership (PPP)
  topic: keywords
subject: healthcare efficiency
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subject: hospital overcrowding
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subject: trust hospitals
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subject: healthcare access
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subject: patient outcomes
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subject: bed occupancy
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subject: policy framework
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creator: Amir Manzur
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 23
ending page: 32

TEACHERS’ COLLABORATION AND SCHOOL MANAGEMENT: INVESTIGATING THE ROLE OF TEACHERS IN SECONDARY SCHOOL GOVERNANCE
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description: Teachers play a vital role in education, contributing to teaching, leadership, and school management. This study investigated teachers’ collaboration in managing secondary schools in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It aimed to identify the role of teacher collaboration in school management and suggest strategies to enhance it. A quantitative design was used, with data collected from a randomly selected sample of 346 secondary school teachers out of a population of 3,419. A validated questionnaire was administered, and data were analyzed using mean scores, standard deviations, and chi-square tests. Findings revealed that teachers collaborate in managing academics, co-curricular activities, finances, resources, hygiene, and emergencies. The study recommends professional development programs to strengthen collaborative practices among teachers and school heads.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Teachers’ collaboration
  topic: keywords
subject: Effective school management
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subject: Role
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subject: Secondary schools
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creator: Mian Said Farooq
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 14
ending page: 22