EVALUATING ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE: A COMPARISON OF PARAMETRIC AND NON-PARAMETRIC STATISTICAL METHODS

Abstract

This study compares parametric and non-parametric tests in analyzing academic performance differences by gender and study time, using GPA as the measure. Independent t-tests and ANOVA were conducted alongside Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests. Results showed female students and those studying over two hours daily had slightly higher GPAs. Normality and homogeneity assumptions supported the use of parametric methods. Although differences were not statistically significant, both test types consistently indicated a positive relationship between study time and GPA. The findings demonstrate methodological consistency and highlight the practical impact of study habits on academic performance.